Market-Driven Job Evaluation and Job-Worth Systems Sample

Question: Examine the likenesses and contrasts between advertise driven employment assessment and occupation worth frameworks of employment assessment. Depict a case of each approach and give the justification to why it is the best methodology for the circumstance portrayed. Answer: Presentation Because of the advancement of the contemporary business world, organizations are constantly looking for particular ways for building a workforce, which really encourages them to manage the changing monetary discernments. Edwards (2012) suggested that activity creation and swelling identified with different merchandise and enterprises are for the most part answerable for building up an atmosphere requiring the valuable inclusion of an appropriate human asset plan in the correct spot for most of companies of present day. In this specific situation, it is useful for the human asset chiefs to decide the activity worth, which can be performed by directing a vocation assessment dependent on the current market needs (Day, 2012). It is seen that the specific ramifications of the procedure urges the association to make progress alongside the other expected commitments from the data archived through the broad examination. So as to accomplish the hierarchical points profitably, the administrati on must need to receive a market-driven methodology for tricking the abilities from the market, selecting them to the organization, and holding them with the workforce (Kinyili, Karanja, Namusonge, 2015). In any case, there is a huge degree of distinction between the market-driven occupation assessment and employment worth framework paying little heed to their shared association with the workforce improvement. Thusly, this paper is shaped with the point of building up a reasonable conversation in regards to the Market-driven Job Evaluation versus Occupation Worth for expounding basic comprehension on what the associations should need to practice inside or remotely. Likenesses and Differences between Market-driven Job Evaluation and Job-worth System of Job Evaluation As directed by day (2012), organizations from the advanced condition are continually searching for a reasonable specialty, which may add to their endurance in the individual commercial centers. By the examination in regards to the verifiable time period, it is seen that the associations are experiencing a regularly changing updating process from both inside and remotely for countering the dangers related with the market settings (). Regarding the distinguished truth, frequently the associations can be seen structuring new openings, positions, and orders in understanding to the necessities of its clients or authoritative methodologies. Besides, organizations may make an altogether imaginative division for just set up for tending to the new patterns, technologic necessities, and improvement prerequisites for the company. From the above comprehension, it tends to be expected that the activity assessment methods are followed for fermenting an increasingly customized item or administration and offering them to the clients for improving their purchasing experience (Effort, 2013). Here, Kinyi and Karanja (2015) have demonstrated the recommendation given by the ability the executives specialists Susan Cantrell and David Smith to guarantee the presentation of a progressive new framework for overseeing individuals inside the association adroitly. The specific framework applied by the specialists was known as Workforce of One wiping out the nonexclusive methodologies for reacting to the workforce prerequisites while utilizing more on the improvement of a profoundly nuanced and redid framework for each representative (Edwards, 2012). The consequence of the investigation mirrors the development of another connection between the representatives and the associations. Kinyi and Karanja (2015) has additionally expl ored the major results of such procedure and think of the discoveries that the center use of the altered methodology brings down the pace of representative turnover, maximiss the efficiency, and improves net revenue over the associations. The activity worth assessment adequately contributes the accomplishment of proposed objectives of the distinguished framework. Then again, a market-driven assessment is essentially performed by the group liable for overseeing execution of the workforce (Bamberger, Biron, Meshoulam, 2014). As a component of the procedure, a deliberate technique is sorted out by the group with the expectation of supervising the essential necessities for every office and unit inside the partnership. Exertion (2013) has demonstrated some extraordinary elements with respect to the jobs played by the exhibition supervisory crew. As per the examination of the distinguished writing, execution the executives framework is liable for making work answers as per the assessment measures when they notice the need of another office or position for supporting the lightening of the surveyed trouble looked by different divisions. A similar procedure is applied for inducing goals for the objections raised by the clients too (Kerzner, 2013). Along these lines, the distinguished situations offer ascent to the activity assessment process by settin g the standard rules, which are at last submitted at the yearly meeting held by the organization. Above all, it is commendable enough to make reference to that activity appraisal done by following the activity worth framework manages the particular worth of a workers position while deciding amount of pay for getting the distinguished position (Ulrich, 2013). Thus, work worth is vitally significant for the organizations to follow for giving a legitimate situation to the representatives during the lines of swelling, pay rates, and typical cost for basic items. Edwards (2012) has clarified that a standard oversight by the exhibition the executives division encourages them to decide if there is a requirement for increment inside the recruited position of a specific office. From the general investigation, the essential likeness between Market-driven and work worth is improving the abilities of the association for fulfilling the varying needs of clients just as representatives. In any case, the significant contrast between the two frameworks is that inside value is kept up by work worth, where showcase driven methodology reflects how outside condition is influencing the hierarchical position (Purce, 2014). Case of Each Approach and their Rationale The critical ascent of occupation worth is caused because of the instability of the current business condition affected by swapping scale variances or expansion of items or administrations (Tyson, 2014). Various businesses from the worldwide stage may it be retail, data innovation, or food and refreshment parts are for the most part ceaselessly gave to accomplishing the conspicuous portion of development from their objective market. As indicated by Kerzner (2013), the development destinations of various firms are generally reliant on thinking about an assessment for deciding the need of representative development, pay rises, and workforce maintenance. The method of reasoning behind the procedure is basically founded on characterizing and building up an equalization flexibly and request where the noticeable quality is given to the usage and improvement (Goetsch Davis, 2014). Then again, listening minutely and satisfying the necessities of buyers ought to be the premier need of a business independent of its tasks under a little and medium undertaking or the major corporate rules. Such a situation cause the use of a market-driven methodology, as the procedure urges the organization to utilize a Consumer Price Index (CPI) for investigating the necessities of market buyers and supporting the estimations related with the various regions of the organization (Mathis, et al., 2016). For instance, the requirement for changes to the particular item, administration, or division can be classified as the market-driven methodologies. The general clarification of the two unique ideas can be appropriately explained through a model. In the short run, financial arrangement exceptionally impacts swelling and the across the nation interest for the item and administration. The given circumstance raises interest for the fit representatives who can convey quality items and adm inistrations to the clients while drives the association to embrace the activity worth assessment to draw in those gifts and fulfill the muddled requests for advancing the monetary remaining of the business (Tyson, 2014). End From the justification acquired through the run of the mill contentions and examinations rendered all through the paper, it tends to be resolved that customers and representatives are two chief factors that the organization should use upon to guarantee the perfection in entire business usefulness. Customers decide the market-driven methodology for the organizations though representatives speak to the activity worth assessment. Shoppers are the ones setting the bar for endeavors in regards to its future tasks like the manners in which it will draft to enlist representatives and the kind of products and ventures created for utilization. Then again, the enterprise needs to weight on its inside condition to improve the activity positions for its representatives for ceaselessly meeting the assorted needs of clients. It is essential for the organizations to take recommendations from the exhibition the board specialists to fulfill the shopper requests nearby the representative concerns pros perously. The synchronous nearness of the two sorts of employment assessment at last leads the association to give help on breaking down and making occupations. References Bamberger, P. A., Biron, M., Meshoulam, I. (2014).Human asset procedure: Formulation, execution, and effect. Routledge. Day, N. E. (2012). Pay value as an arbiter of the connections among mentalities and correspondence about compensation level assurance and pay secrecy.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,19(4), 462-476. Edwards, M. R. (2012). Manager marking: advancements and challenges.Managing Human Resources: Human Resource Management in Transition,5. Exertion, D. (2013). Actualizing Performance

Family Health and Psychology- Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Case Study The Management of inordinate drinking and medication taking on the Family. Answer: Presentation The task manages the contextual analysis of Georg, 42 years of age man having spouse and three kids. The contextual investigation depicts the issue of over the top drinking by George and its effect on his family. In light of the contextual investigation the task plots the determination of the emotional wellness issue(s)/disorder(s) of the family member(s) as featured for the situation. The conclusion is made regarding the DSM-V standards. It is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disordersfifth version (DSM-5). It is the most recent form of the American Psychiatric Associations old-standard content on the names, side effects, and demonstrative highlights of each perceived mental illnessincluding addictions (Clarke et al., 2014). In the paper the method of reasoning for each conclusion is additionally given regarding the data given for the situation study. The paper at that point presents the case definition where the specific highlights of the contextual analysis are conn ected with contemporary writing. It implies the issue looked by George and his analysis is talked about concerning pertinent speculations and research in the region of substance issue. Ultimately, the task presents the treatment objectives and making arrangements for George. In light of the general conversation the end is drawn summing up all the focuses. DSM-V Diagnosis According to the given contextual analysis the clinical introduction of George is very predictable with the DSM-V meaning of turmoil because of substance use. It characterizes the substance use (which for this situation is liquor) issue as hazardous example of taking liquor that impedes the every day life or results in trouble at perceptible level (Hasin et al., 2013). The highlights referenced by this manual are-an) utilization of more liquor at that point typically arranged, b) substance use bringing about inability to satisfy the significant job commitments, c) needing for substance d) proceeding with the utilization of substance regardless of the physical medical problems. compounding of emotional wellness or mental issues, for example, discouraged disposition, nervousness, rest unsettling influence, or power outages e) proceeding with substance use in spite of the weakening of the relationship with others f) surrendering the individual life exercises for the drinking liquor, g) developing resistance to the substance where resulting admission increment in huge sum after some time and h) encountering of withdrawl side effects when not utilizing and may incorporate touchiness, uneasiness, exhaustion, tremor, queasiness/heaving and seizure. According to the DSM-V models the accompanying side effects ought to be observable inside a year (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It very well may be finished up from the DSM-V models that George is experiencing Alcohol use issue which is the difficult drinking. It is the constant cerebrum sickness that is portrayed by the loss of power over liquor admission and an enthusiastic liquor use. It is additionally described with negative enthusiastic guideline and state when not utilizing (Kopak et al., 2014). George unmistakably showed every one of the highlights of the substance use issue according to the DSM-V measures. George has consistently liked and delighted in social drinking and as of late he has expanded the admission sum. It implies he was taking more than arranged before. He couldn't pull back from drinking despite the fact that at house he was hampering his work life. He was sent home from work thinking about that he is inebriated and it severely meddled with his activity. An extensive number of times he has brought in wiped out in the course of recent years. It likewise shows that he was dismissing his physical wellbeing angle for liquor. His significant other concerns that he may lose his employment which demonstrates that he is neglecting to satisfy significant job commitments. It can likewise be viewed as the indication of desiring the liquor. He has additionally gotten cautioning from his manager on the note that his conduct was inadmissible at work environment. It shows that he proceeding with substance use regardless of the crumbling of the relationship with others. At work environment, George ruined his relationship with chief. At home he crumbled his relationship with relatives that are his better half and kids. His conduct has gotten undesirable to a degree his significant other Sandra needed to disengage herself from George. A correspondence hole has framed among him and his better half (Orford, 2005). This conduct demonstrates that George is surrendering individual life exercises for drinking liquor. As of late George remains intellectually upset than previously. He shows visit changes in disposition with aggravations and inconsiderateness on occasion while staying tranquil and held at different occasions. It is the indication of expanding mental issues or poor psychological well-being status (Orford, 2005). It tends to be finished up from Georges contextual investigation that he is developing resistance to the substance where resulting admission increments in enormous sum after some time. The incessant aggravations and change in state of mind can be viewed as a withdrawl manifestation. George may have diminished or might be attempting to pull back to spare his activity. In this way, George has met all the DSM-V standards referenced previously. According to the DSM-V standards Sandras clinical introduction is very steady with the indicative rules for summed up uneasiness issue. The highlights that affirm this issue are: an) unreasonable uneasiness and anxious desire b) singular thinking that its hard to control the concern c) nervousness and stress related with eagerness, peevishness, muscle strain, rest aggravations, weakness and troublesome concentrating (Price van Stolk-Cooke, (2015). Sandra obviously displays a portion of the standards, for example, stressing over Georges work, and disintegrating relationship with him, and overpowering feeling of dread and worry. She is pondering for direction and is discovering hard to control stress as she is living with every day on-going concerns and vulnerabilities that adds to anxiety and eagerness (Orford, 2005). Further, the indications of Sandra, for example, quickened pulse or beating pulse and queasiness are predictable with two of the DSM standards for Panic issue (Asmundson et al., 2014). Be that as it may, the vast majority of her manifestations coordinate with the general nervousness issue than alarm issue. A case definition According to the social learning hypothesis by Albert Bandura, liquor fixation is brought about by the demonstrating conduct of others. People watch other and will in general receive comparable conduct feeling it to be useful. An individual will in general model comparable conduct that is liquor consumption if positive results have been found in others (West Brown, 2013). Getting prizes for such activities may additionally strengthen compulsion in others and draw in them to such rewards. George appreciates social beverage and his fixation might be the reason for social learning. Georges compulsion and conclusion can be disclosed regarding the Disease model. This model clarifies the root of dependence exists in an individual (Volkow et al., 2016). The model clarifies that the compulsion doesn't exist on a continuum. An individual with liquor compulsion can't control the carvings. This model can be connected with George, who went to working environment inebriated. He even ignored his physical and individual commitments for the delight of liquor. According to this model the infection habit is irreversible. It is the equivalent with George. His liquor utilization is expanding after some time as opposed to diminishing. He needs treatment and deep rooted restraint for fix. As indicated by Sartor et al. (2016), the burdensome scene in the wake of taking liquor is high that is beginning during inebriation and during withdrawal. This can be connected with the disposition changes and fractiousness of George for the situation study. Tolliver and Anton (2015), clarifies this marvel with liquor actuated state of mind issue. Individuals may take liquor to feel much improved yet it might exacerbate them feel. Generally individuals partner liquor and medication with positive results. Individuals with extreme utilization of liquor will in general lose enthusiasm forever and delight. It might be the equivalent with George. He may have lost enthusiasm for his wedded life and investing happy energy with his kids and spouse. The continuous change in state of mind is having huge effect on his family life. It is making incredible arrangement of trouble both George and Sandra. This is a significant standard for finding of Alcohol initiated burdensome confusion according to Riper et al. (2014). Be that as it may, if there should arise an occurrence of George, burdensome turmoil initiated by liquor isn't recognizable. The psychodynamic model recommends that fixation is the self guideline issue. It clarifies the compulsion with adolescence or early life introduction to unfavorable conditions. Grown-ups with such encounters in early life will neglect to adapt successfully withstress and direct their negative feelings. Fixation in such cases might be guarded procedure to keep away from feebleness. Liquor admission might be because of oral delight. Such people will in general be dependent and are accounted for with tension and mind-set issue (Flores, 2013). In then given contextual investigation the historical backdrop of George isn't accessible. It might possibly be the situation of early life gives that caused his addictions yet might be the reason for social learning. According to the Alcoholics unknown model those dependent on liquor are genuinely weakened model. They proceed with liquor admission to make up for their deficiencies. Inferable from the body science, an individual gets dependent on liquor and the pattern of drinking and deficiencies proceed till it becomes compulsion (Galanter, 2014). Georges life has gotten unbearable because of liquor be that as it may, it isn't clear in the event that he began this because of insufficiencies. In the end the drinking design gets wild due to withdrawl side effects. This was apparent if there should be an occurrence of George as he was having incessant temperament changes and his liquor admission was additionally found to increment in most recent couple of years. Lander et al. (2013) referenced that heavy drinker or enslavement accomplices make negative effect on family life. Al

2012 Early Action Decision Release Date - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2012 Early Action Decision Release Date - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2012 Early Action Decision Release Date For all of you who are waiting anxiously by your computer/mailbox, nervous about your Early Action decision, here is some good news. UGA is planning on releasing the EA decisions on the myStatus page on Friday, November 18 in the late afternoon (unless some serious problem arises, which I do not expect). We are excited about this, and I am guessing you are as well, and hopefully it will allow for a little less nerve-wracking Thanksgiving break. In addition to the decisions being available on the myStatus page, letters will go out in the mail for Accepted, Deferred and Incomplete students. Freshman denial letters will not be mailed out, as almost all applicants see their decisions online, and we (along with a number of colleges) did not want to have a letter that only served to reinforce the negative feelings they might already have. I will not be able to access the blog for most of the decision weekend (chaperoning a youth retreat), but I will try to have someone in my office monitor the site and try to help with any questions. Please remember, though, that we cannot answer questions about other students on the blog, that an Early Action decision is based primarily on academic information, and to make sure you do not try to compare yourselves to others, as you most likely do not have all of the information that we do about the entire applicant pool. In addition, I will be sharing more details about the EA applicant pool the week after decisions are released, but I will not have the data on hand over the weekend, as we are focused on getting the decisions out first, not running statistics. Go Dawgs!

Company s External And Internal Environment Analysis

Executive summary The main purpose of this paper is through the company s external and internal environment analysis to evaluate the company in the industry and future developments. Assess the external environment mainly through PESTLE Analysis and Porter s 5 Forces. Strategic Recourses Capability Analysis for internal environmental assessment is conducted. Finally, the company somehow SWOT analysis, concluded †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ This article mainly refer to the company s annual financial reports, industry reports and official website as references. 1. Introduction Britvic plc is a UK soft drink company. As the UK s largest soft drink manufacturers, Britvic not only cooperate with PepsiCo but also created its own brands such as Robinsons, Tango, J2O, drench, MiWadi, Ballygowan, Teisseire and Fruità ©. Britvic GB company is the second largest supplier of carbonated beverages providers, but also in Ireland and France, the industry leader. Britvic company has franchising, export and licensing, has expanded into the United States. (Britvic.com, 2015) BVIC is the code of Britvic in the London Stock Exchange. (Britvic.com, 2015) This paper will presentation the Britvic plc strategy position by the analysis of external and internal environment. And give some advices. 2. Strategic Position Analysis 2.1 External Analysis 2.1.1 PESTLE Analysis Political In recent years, obesity in Britain is increasing. The Government believes that reducing fast food and soft drink calories in the market,Show MoreRelatedInternal And An External Situational Analysis On The Company s Environment2062 Words   |  9 PagesThis analysis will provide an internal and an external situational analysis on the company’s environment. It will also look at the strengths, weaknesses, competition and opportunities for the company in the future. The analysis will touch on the different units within the company such as morning foods, health and wellness, frozen, and snack items to determine if marketing can be established in increase sales overall for the company. . â€Æ' Analysis of Kellogg Company Kellogg is the top producerRead MoreSwot Analysis : Strategic Management1585 Words   |  7 Pagesobjectives and performance of a corporation. It accomplishes this task by including a variety of tools and analysis techniques, which will implement, evaluate and control the general direction of a company. This is done through strategy formulation which begins with a situational analysis that emphasizes the monitoring and evaluating of external opportunities and threats in light of a corporation ´s strengths and weaknesses (Wheelen and Hunger, 2006; Saloner et al., 2001). 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It is useful to complete a PEST analysis before a SWOT, although it may be more useful to complete a PEST analysis during, or after, a SWOT. SWOT and PEST are vital in determining the success of a business. SWOT analysis is a form of situational analysis in which internal strengthsRead MoreExternal and Internal Environment Analysis1565 Words   |  7 PagesExternal and Internal Environmental Analysis This environmental analysis will provide a complete external environmental scan designed to provide RoyalBlu Invites with the tools needed to identify the organizations strength and weaknesses. Furthermore, including an assessment of the company resources. This analysis will assess the organization competitive position and possibilities of growth. An explanation of how the external environment affects RoyalBlu Invites structure and organizational performanceRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Modern Enterprise Management And Planning1458 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction In the modern enterprise management and planning, SWOT analysis is a widely known diagnostic tool. Generally SWOT analysis is used to identify the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of the enterprise itself, and then combine the company s strategy with the internal resources and external environment. In fact, it is a systematic framework which helps managers to build organization strategies and market planning. However, Some findings from Menon (1999) and Hill and WestbrookRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Target And Toms1638 Words   |  7 Pages$50, a price lower TOMS least expensive shoe selling at $54. Traditional business thinking declares that a company cannot hold profit and purpose simultaneously and that doing good will cost the company money. However, Toms stands as a counterintuitive example of purpose driving profit. The company has sold and given away 20m shoes. With its least expensive shoe selling for $54, the company has generated over a billion dollars of sales. Even in a recovering economy it seems interesting that customers

Women and Poverty in Canada Essay - 2497 Words

Poverty is a significant threat to women’s equality. In Canada, more women live in poverty than men, and women’s experience of poverty can be harsher, and more prolonged. Women are often left to bear more burden of poverty, leading to ‘Feminization of poverty’. Through government policy women inequality has resulted in more women and children being left in poverty with no means of escaping. This paper will identify some key aspects of poverty for Canadian women. First, by identifying what poverty entails for Canadian women, and who is more likely to feel the brunt of it. Secondly the discussion of why women become more susceptible to poverty through government policy and programs. Followed by the effects that poverty on women plays in†¦show more content†¦the defination of ‘feminism of poverty’ refers to situations of increasing poverty for women and the fact that more women are living in poverty than men, basically poor people are dis portionately women (Townson, 2000). a.) Who are the poor? According to the National Council of Welfare, The majority of those who rely on social assistance in Canada tend to be women, children and people with disabilities, it is noted that government policy focus on getting them into the paid workforce without adequate supports such as childcare, housing, and money for basic expenses, these policies are considered to be unrealistic and create much misery for the Canadians that are forced to live under these policies (Women, 2007). According to Census 2000, the average annual pre-tax income of women from all sources including government transfers was $22,885 or 62% that of what men receive. In Canada, female lone parent families have by far the lowest average total incomes among families. Although women continue to be among the poorest of the poor in Canada, they make up a disproportionate share of the population with low income 2.4 million women in 2001 compared to 1.9 million men (Work, 2004). Women targeted for poverty Background In 2006, social and health programs within Canada were reduced by about 6 billion or 30% by the second year of the implementation of Canada Health and Social Transfer (CHST), which lead to a fiscalShow MoreRelatedWomen Poverty in Canada1652 Words   |  7 Pagesmagazine show off their trademark, healthy kids, happy families (Parents Magazine, p.1 June 2011). These messages are helpful from young to old. Encouraging bonding and finding simple things that suit and family. This is important for a client who is in poverty and would like to find ways to have fun with her children. In contrast to this magazine portraying to promote healthy kids and happy families (Parents Magazine, pg. 1. June 2011). There are contradicting messages found in all three magazinesRead MoreWomen, Ageism, and Poverty in Canada2779 Words   |  12 Pages November 19, 2011 Women, Ageism and Poverty in Canada Women have benefitted greatly from the efforts of Feminism. The three waves of feminism have given women the vote, control over their bodies, freedom of choice, the right to pursue higher education, empowerment, the ability to identify areas of inequality, the right to attain male dominated jobs and the right to expect equal pay for work of equal value. Women have fought hard to obtain the tools to rise above the glass ceiling. For all thatRead MorePoverty in Canada Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty in Canada Sociology 1000: Writing Assignment 11/26/2012 Cassandra Vincent How can there be so many people in poverty? It is all around us even though Canada has made the G20 Richest Nations; they still have one of the highest poverty rates for in the industrialized world. Through reading many articles such as Ann Duffy and Nancy Mandell’s â€Å"Poverty in Canada†, others that I have found online, and my own personal experience I have learned the numerous reasons why so many people inRead MoreMissing Women891 Words   |  4 Pageshuge number of missing women in Canada, and an extremely large number of these women are Aboriginal. Why do Aboriginal women seem more vulnerable? The majority of these missing Aboriginal women were living on the streets, living in poverty and working in the sex trade industry before their disappearances. Why were all of these women in the same situation? I believe that the Conflict Theory explains the hardships, the abuse and the discrimination that each of these women faced before they wentRead MorePoverty Dilem mas that Canadians are Facing Today1483 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract In this paper, it will be arguing how Canada hasn’t begun to fix the poverty situation that many Canadians deal with in a daily bases. Structural Functionalism Theory, Conflict Theory and the Feminist Perspective are going to be used in for this argument in this paper. This will give reader a better understanding and depth of the country’s Poverty issues that are currently taken place. It describes a brief history of poverty to today’s current issues in our communities, and what are someRead MorePoverty vs. Low Birth Weights1042 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There exist some evidence that poverty can result in low birth weight in newborn infants. On Prince Edward Island, low birth weights are currently the lowest as compared to the national average according to Statistics Canada. However, the link that exist between poverty and low birth weights leaves unanswered questions as to what can be done to reduce these low birth weights in newborn infants. The effect of Poverty on Low Birth Weight in Newborns Receiving good prenatal care isRead MoreMurders And Death Of Indigenous Women933 Words   |  4 Pagesthere has always been discrimination against these groups since they are seen at the bottom of the social class scale. This was the first time in Canadian history where a certain social group were marginalized; the white people who first settled in Canada looked at indigenous people and didn’t believe that they belonged to there society. However, in todays society we have laws that prevent decriminalization, but that does not resolve the problem since many indigenous people are constantly being murderedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Child Poverty Capital Of Canada Article By Laurie Monsebraanten1728 Words   |  7 PagesToronto holds onto it s shameful title: Child poverty capital of Canada, article written by Laurie Monsebraanten, social justice reporter was published on October 13th,2015. According to the article in 2011, $16,456 Measures for the low income of a singl e person and for a two parent family with two children under the age of 16 the measures of low income was $39,912. This article talks about Toronto having the highest percentage of poverty within the youth community followed by Montreal that is 25%Read More Has Work Become More Insecure and Unequal in Canada? Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pagesinequality leads to insecurity or vice versa; where negative experiences, continuing over extended periods in the market, lead to another group of negative experiences for the groups in question. Starting with a broad perspective on income inequality in Canada, we can see the difference between the top 10% of earners and the rest of the population. The majority of economic growth went to the richest 10%. The top 1% acquired 12.2% of all incomes. All Canadian families, save for the top 10%, were workingRead MorePromoting Gender Equality and Empowering Women969 Words   |  4 Pagescooties, besides that I had always thought of them as equals. As I grew out of that young and venerable age, I slowly started to realize that even in first world countries, women were being oppressed. They weren’t seen as equals, simply because of their gender, not because of experience or knowledge, just because they are women. If it took me that long to find out how sexist, a developed country is how long will it take everyone. It is common knowledge, that life is better, but it is not common

Mongolia’s Karakorum Free Essays

The ancient city of Karakorum in the 13th century according to history and archaeological records was the seat and the imperial capital of the Mongol Empire of Genghis (or Chinggis) Khan. It is located in the Ovohangai Mongolia, near the Orhon River and Mount Otuken according to Haw (2006, 32). The city was founded and erected by Genghis Khan himself in 1220 to serve as the seat of his vast Mongol Empire and not only served as the administrative center but a major cultural link between the East and the West. We will write a custom essay sample on Mongolia’s Karakorum or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before the 13th century, the area around Karakorum particularly Karabalghasun used to be the seat of the Uyghurs who needed a permanent fortified capital to store resources extorted from China in 750-757. Ideally, this place was the best choice because the Turks and the Mongols considered the surrounding lands as sacred. After the Uyghurs were destroyed in 840 by the Khirgiz; the region was transformed from a Turkish heartland to a Mongol land. The Khirgiz power was however centered on the Yenisei River to the North which was how the area around Mt. Outuken and Karakorum faded into oblivion according to Findley (2005, 49). Geographically Karakorum also lies in the northwestern corner of the Ãâ€"và ¶rkhangai Province of Mongolia, near today’s town of Kharkhorin. This region is surrounded by arable land making the soil generally soft and ideal for planting after the annual flooding according to Morgan (1986, 87). The land is also conducive to grazing which is highly acceptable and desirable to a nomadic tribe who relied on horses to travel faster to faraway lands. Present day Mongolia has discovered the ruins of the vast city of Karakorum in an area which was suitable for both crops and livestock and which possessed very old-established mining deposits Morgan(1986, 46). As a major geographic route in the Middle Ages, Karakorum is also a saddle between two mountains and a river and considered a relatively easy passage to the East which was how Genghis must have envisioned his central empire. When the Mongols reunited the steppe tribes, they created the largest land-based empire in history interlinking Europe and Asia under Genghis Khan in McCannon (2006, 143). However, prior to their expansion, the Mongols did not have a sophisticated society and proved adept at cultural borrowing as related in McCannon (2006, 144). History has related how the Mongols behaved like barbarians without any regard for personal care and clothing. As warriors, a nomadic life best suited them and anything that could slow their journey to the next city they could conquer is avoided. However Kwantes revealed that the Mongols massive journey and conquests into other lands awoke them to goods they had never seen (2005, 57). Khan and his men learned to appreciate the beautiful silk, delicious food and exotic items pillaged and gathered from other places (Kwantes, 57). They began to slowly learn about other people’s culture which changed their way of lives. Genghis Khan’s advisers told him once, â€Å"thou has conquered great empire in the saddle†¦ thou cannot govern it so,† (Kwantes 58). Clearly this advisor understood that Khan’s nomadic way of life could not continue when vast lands and goods were acquired without a central government devised to rule for such a grown empire. Understanding the need for continuity of the Mongol rule, Genghis Khan now growing older changed the Mongol’s nomadic life and decided to establish Karakorum as his headquarters because of its accessibility and spiritual history (Kwantes, 57). In its prime Karakorum served not only as the administrative centre of the Mongolian Empire, but also as a major trade and cultural link between East and West in Haw, (2006, 32). The Mongols soon imposed a single political authority, encouraged economic exchange and made travel conditions safer according to McCannon (2006, 144). They began to established cities around their territories and made crucial economic centers passable for merchants, missionaries and travelers of all profession (McCannon, 144). Genghis Khan desired for his people to learn which is why foreign visitors were encouraged and welcomed so the Mongols could gather knowledge from the foreigners about cultures uncommon to them. Morgan once said that the Mongols were unsophisticated and uncultured who did not know how to write (1986, 114). All this would change later on as Mongol conquest is contemporarily declared as the transfer of intellectual and scientific primacy of the Old World from Islamic societies to Western and Eastern societies in Saunders(2001, 82). At its height, Karakorum became a busy metropolis served by soldiers, merchants, and craftspeople, many of the latter imported from lands conquered by the Mongolian military in Morgan (1986, 114). The ancient city, with an area of 400 meters by 400 meters, was protected from attackers by a fortified wall, and near each of the wall’s four gates, four giant granite turtle sculptures were installed to protect the city from a potentially more dangerous threat: periodic floods from the Orhon River in Morgan (1986:115). Karakorum in the 13th century then became home to more than ten thousand people, including Khan’s family, noblemen, ministers, military leaders, craftsmen, traders, clergy, and foreign guests, in addition to nomads inhabiting the compounds in Morgan (1986, 114). The huge size of the city was ideal for the city’s diverse religions where twelve idol temples of different nations, two mosques in which is cried the and one church of Christians could be found within its walls(Kwantes, 59). In addition, a diverse population also inhabited the walls with resident Chinese, Alans, Ruthenians, Georgians, Hermenians and other non-Mongol peoples inside as provided in Saunders (2001, 19). Karakorum became a host to a stream of foreign emissaries and traders like Marco Polo and perhaps Ibn Battuta among others. Delegations as far away as India, Arabia, Armenia and Rome, as well as merchants from China, Persia, and other countries along the Silk Route were welcome to the Great Khan’s established city. Town life must have prospered a lot during Genghis reign as archaeological evidence supports how their existence was centered on metallurgy powered by the currents of the Orkhon River. Other findings include arrowheads; iron cauldrons; wheel bushings; evidence of ceramic tiles and sculpture production (Brittanica, 2005). Glass beads production and yarn spindles were also evident along with also Chinese silk and coins that could support the trading activity in the area (Brittanica, 2005). Recent excavations of the city ruins have indicated that the royal palace was likely burned down at the time of the Min invasion, but it is not clear how completely the city was demolished (McCannon, 144). Although there is no mention of Karakorum in known historical records of the following 87 years, it is quite possible that the city was never fully abandoned according to McCannon (2006, 144). Indeed the city is the cradle of many Central Asian civilizations with its advanced agriculture and crafts that were highly developed while trade flourished. Despite European claims that the Tartars (as how Europe called the Mongols) were highly uncivilized and unsophisticated; records would show that Karakorum was once an intellectual community. They honor and respect diverse cultures and religion which has been carried through centuries of repression until 1990’s when Mongolians were soon free to practice any religion of choice. Illiteracy has also been eliminated in this modern period as a legacy from its great leaders. Today the Mongols and their great leaders are remembered as valiant heroes who conquered vast lands against all odds to build a mighty empire or as ruthless conquerors that destroyed everything in their path. Genghis set a certain set of organization, discipline, equipment and mentality to fight for and with his men with a vast army organized into a decimal system, with a commander for every series of 10 units elected by the troops in Morgan (1986, 115). Military tactics were rehearsed well in preparation and each warrior was expected to know precisely what to do from the signals of the commanders, which took form in flaming arrows, drums, and banners (Morgan, 116). With extreme discipline they combined skill, discipline, and tactics without Western interference or teaching, learning such divisive techniques on their own. Sometime when the western knights fought with the Mongol horsemen during an invasion, the Europeans were utterly destroyed as the Mongols employed a wide array of tricks that contradicts claims of their uneducated and barbaric status. Nevertheless, the sheer extent of their conquests revealed how an ailing nation ravaged by poverty and conflict once united under a single cause could reach great heights of power and achievement. Division and greed for power disunited them into utter failure which serves as a lesson for the next generations. I therefore consider the Mongols as the significant players in history because their conquests surpass what any other country has done. Works   Cited Kwantes, Anne. She Has Done a Beautiful Thing for Me: Portraits of Christian Women in Asia PhilAm books, 2005. Haw, Stephen. Marco Polo in China: A Venetian in the Realm of Khubilal Khan. Routledge, 2006. McCannon, John. Barron’s How to Prepare for the AP World. Barrons   Educational Series, 2006. Findley, Carter Vaughn. The Turks in World History. United States: Oxford Press, 2005. Britannica. Karakorum. 2005. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9044690/Karakorum Accessed: 08 May, 2007. Morgan, David. The Mongols. Blackwell Publishing, 1986. Saunders, John Joseph. The History of the Mongol Conquests. Blackwell Publishing, 2001. How to cite Mongolia’s Karakorum, Essay examples

Commercial Law Aldi Supermarkets

Question: Discuss about the Commercial Lawfor Aldi Supermarkets. Answer: Introduction In the present case, the issue is if Tamara can sue Aldi supermarkets in negligence as C. had suffered any injury when she slipped on puddle of ice cream on the floor and broke her back. As a result of this injury, Tamara had to spend many months in hospital and the general damages alone exceeded $700,000. Therefore, now Tamara wants to know if she can successfully sue Aldi supermarkets in negligence. On the other hand, it has to be seen if a difference is available to Aldi supermarkets if it can establish that the supermarket aisles are inspected by a staff member and any spillage is cleaned every 40 minutes. In order to decide this issue, the general principles related with lock negligence have to be discussed and seen if the all the necessary elements of negligence can be established by Tamara. In case where one person has a duty of care towards the other, negligence can be described as doing something or the failure to do something that would be done by some other reasonable person and due to which an injury or damage has been caused to the other person. The provisions of Civil Liability Act are used to decide the presence of negligence and the liability faced by them due to their negligent acts. If a person is going to sue another in negligence, the person seeks financial compensation for the damage suffered by it. In such a case, the purpose is to put the person in the same place in which he or she would have been if the negligence would not have taken place. In order to decide if negligence has taken place or not, it has to be seen if the below mentioned poor questions are satisfied or not. Hence, it has to be considered if the defendant had a duty of care towards the plaintiff, if this duty was violated by the defendant, if an injury has been suffered by the plaintiff and if such injury or the damage experienced by the plaintiff was the direct consequence of this contravention of duty on part of the defendant. The law provides that all the above mentioned factors should be satisfied. On the other hand if any one of these factors is not satisfied, then it cannot be established by the plaintiff that there was negligence on the part of the defendant. In such a case, it needs to be considered what they don't duty of care means. In this context, duty of care is the legal obligation according to which a person is required to evade causing damage to others. Such a duty arises when the harm is reasonably foreseeable in case reasonable care is not exercised. In this regard, it is also required that are sufficient relationship of closeness (proximity) should also be present between the two persons so that it can be said that the duty of care exists on part of the defendant. For example, drivers have a duty of care towards the other road users and such duty is also present in case of the relationship between a doctor and patient. The Civil Liability Act has imposed certain qualifications on the duty of care, like food donors and good Samaritans. The next requirement is to see if there is a violation of this duty. For evaluating if the duty has been violated, first of all the court will consider the standard of care that is applicable in a particular case under the circumstances. This standard of care needs to be determined by taking into consideration what would have been done by some other reasonable person in like conditions. If the defendant had acted unreasonably or if the actions of the defendant were well below the standard that can be expected in such a case, it can be said that the duty has been broken by the defendant. It is also required that the injury/damage experienced by the plaintiff should be caused by the breach of the duty of care. While in some cases, it can be easily stated that the breach of duty was the obvious cause of the injury. For example when a person had fallen on the wet floor, a clear connection exists between the wet floor and the injury that has been suffered by such a person. On the other hand, in some cases it may be difficult to decide the exec cause of the injury. For instance, there can be more than one event that may have caused the injury. In the present case, Tamara knew that her favorite brand of chocolate was only available at Aldi supermarkets. Therefore, when one day she saw that only one chocolate bar was left for sale at the far end of the confectionary aisle of the local Aldi supermarket, she starts to run towards it. When another shopper appears, Tamara starts to run even quickly. But when she reached for the chocolate bar, there was a puddle of ice cream on the floor. Consequently, Tamara slipped on it and fell on the floor. She broke her back. On the basis of the principles of negligence that have been mentioned above, it can be said in this case that Aldi supermarket had a duty of care towards all the persons who visited the store. In this case it is clear that this duty has been violated by the defendant, Aldi supermarkets when they failed to clean the floor immediately. As a result of this breach of duty, Tamara had suffered an injury and this injury was the direct result of the breach of duty by Aldi sup ermarkets. Even if Aldi supermarkets establishes that a staff member cleaned the spillage every 40 minutes, the supermarket will be liable to Tamara for the loss suffered by her including the general damages of more than $700,000. References Deakin, Simon; Angus Johnston; Basil Markesinis (2003) Markesinis and Deakin's Tort Law, Oxford University Press Kujinga, Benjamin (2009). "Reasonable Care And Skill The Modern Scope Of The Auditor's Duty". GAA Accounting Tomasic, Roman; Bottomley, Stephen; McQueen, Rob (2002) Audits and Auditors Corporations Law in Australia, Federation Press Case Law Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 Grant v Australian Knitting Mills (1933) 50 CLR 387 Shaddock Associates v Parramatta City Council (1981) 150 CLR 225 Wyong Shire Council v Short (1980) 146 CLR 40

Is China a Neo-Mercantilist Nation Essay Example

Is China a Neo-Mercantilist Nation Essay Is China a Neo-mercantilist nation? Definition: neo-mecantilism Neo-mercantilism is a policy regime that encourages exports, discourages imports, controls capital movement, and centralizes currency decisions in the hands of a central government. The objective of neo-mercantilist policies is to increase the level of foreign reserves held by the government, allowing more effective monetary policy and fiscal policy. This is generally believe to come at the cost of lower standards of living than an open economy would bring at the same time, but offers the advantages to the government in question of having greater autonomy and control.It is called neo- because of the change in emphasis from classical mercantilism on military development, to economic development, and its acceptance of a greater level of market determination of prices internally than was true of classical mercantilism. Its policy recommendations sometimes echo the mercantilism of the early modern period. These are generally protectionist measures in the form of high tariffs and other import restrictions to protect domestic industries combined with government intervention to promote industrial growth, especially manufacturing.At its simplest level, it proposes that economic independence and self-sufficiency are legitimate objectives for a nation to pursue, and systems of protection are justified to allow the nation to develop its industrial and commercial infrastructure to the point where it can compete on equal terms in international trade. In macro-economic terms, it emphasizes a fixed currency and autonomy over monetary policy over capital mobility. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/NeomercantilismProtectionism is the economic policy of restraining trade between states through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas, and a variety of other government regulations designed to allow (according to proponents) fair competition between imports and goods and service produced domestically . Protectionism doesn’t protect you. PostNoon. com. April 27, 2012. Retrieved 26 May 2012 This policy contrasts with free trade, where government barriers to trade are kept to a minimum. In recent years, it has become closely aligned with anti-globalization.The term is mostly used in the context of economics, where protectionism refers to policies or doctrines which protect businesses and workers within a country by restricting or regulating trade with foreign nations. â€Å"Xinhua (2012-05-24). Trade-oriented Economy Boosts Growth, Employment. CRI English. Retrieved 26 May 2012† A variety of policies have been used to achieve protectionist goals. These include: 1. Tariffs: Typically, tariffs (or taxes) are imposed on imported goods. Tariff rates usually vary according to the type of goods imported.Import tariffs will increase the cost to importers, and increase the price of imported goods in the local markets, thus lowering the quantity of goods imported, to favour lo cal producers. (see Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act) Tariffs may also be imposed on exports, and in an economy with floating exchange rates, export tariffs have similar effects as import tariffs. However, since export tariffs are often perceived as hurting local industries, while import tariffs are perceived as helping local industries, export tariffs are seldom implemented. 2.Import quotas: To reduce the quantity and therefore increase the market price of imported goods. The economic effects of an import quota is similar to that of a tariff, except that the tax revenue gain from a tariff will instead be distributed to those who receive import licenses. Economists often suggest that import licenses be auctioned to the highest bidder, or that import quotas be replaced by an equivalent tariff. 3. Administrative barriers: Countries are sometimes accused of using their various administrative rules (e. g. regarding food safety, environmental standards, electrical safety, etc. as a way to introduce barriers to imports. 4. Anti-dumping legislation: Supporters of anti-dumping laws argue that they prevent dumping of cheaper foreign goods that would cause local firms to close down. However, in practice, anti-dumping laws are usually used to impose trade tariffs on foreign exporters. 5. Direct subsidies: Government subsidies (in the form of lump-sum payments or cheap loans) are sometimes given to local firms that cannot compete well against imports. These subsidies are purported to protect local jobs, and to help local firms adjust to the world markets. . Export subsidies: Export subsidies are often used by governments to increase exports. Export subsidies have the opposite effect of export tariffs because exporters get payment, which is a percentage or proportion of the value of exported. Export subsidies increase the amount of trade, and in a country with floating exchange rates, have effects similar to import subsidies. 7. Exchange rate: manipulation: A government may intervene in the foreign exchange market to lower the value of its currency by selling its currency in the foreign exchange market.Doing so will raise the cost of imports and lower the cost of exports, leading to an improvement in its trade balance. However, such a policy is only effective in the short run, as it will most likely lead to inflation in the country, which will in turn raise the cost of exports, and reduce the relative price of imports. 8. International patent systems: There is an argument for viewing national patent systems as a cloak for protectionist trade policies at a national level.Two strands of this argument exist: one when patents held by one country form part of a system of exploitable relative advantage in trade negotiations against another, and a second where adhering to a worldwide system of patents confers good citizenship status despite de facto protectionism. Peter Drahos explains that States realized that patent systems could be used to cloak protection ist strategies. There were also reputational advantages for states to be seen to be sticking to intellectual property systems.One could attend the various revisions of the Paris and Berne conventions, participate in the cosmopolitan moral dialogue about the need to protect the fruits of authorial labor and inventive genius knowing all the while that ones domestic intellectual property system was a handy protectionist weapon. . ? Information Feudalism: Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?. London: Earthscan. 2002. p. 36. 9. Employment-based immigration restrictions, such as labor certification requirements or numerical caps on work visas. 10. Political campaigns advocating domestic consumption (e. . the Buy American campaign in the United States, which could be seen as an extra-legal promotion of protectionism. ) 11. Preferential governmental spending, such as the Buy American Act, federal legislation which called upon the United States government to prefer U. S. -made products in its pu rchases. In the modern trade arena many other initiatives besides tariffs have been called protectionist. For example, some commentators see developed countries efforts in imposing their own labor or environmental standards as protectionism.Also, the imposition of restrictive certification procedures on imports are seen in this light. Further, others point out that free trade agreements often have protectionist provisions such as intellectual property, copyright, and patent restrictions that benefit large corporations. These provisions restrict trade in music, movies, pharmaceuticals, software, and other manufactured items to high cost producers with quotas from low cost producers set to zero Protectionism doesn’t protect you and â€Å"The Conservative Nanny State† http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Protectionist#cite_note-4 Ascertain whether China indeed has those aspects in its economic policy, making it a truely neo-mercantilist nation: Perceived or Real. Possible implic ations: whether such a claim is Real or Perceived It is certainly possible to see China’s economic policies as neo-mercantilist, though people in China might not agree. Mercantilism was the economic doctrine that held that a country must export more than it imported in order to be economically strong. Mercantilist countries tried to promote exports and reduce imports. From the perspective of many Americans, China engages in such policies today.Many Americans believe that China artificially weakens its currency so that it will be easier for Chinese firms to export. China is also said to put informal barriers in the way of imports and to heavily subsidize exports. All of these actions can be seen as neo-mercantilism. I have said before this and I must emphasize it again. The fundamental premise of all U. S trade/globalization talks and discussions is that the participants are all playing the same game of liberal, neo-classical, free market, resource endowment and comparative ad vantage based free trade.This is a totally false premise that immediately gets the discussions off in irrelevant directions. The global economy is, in fact, sharply divided between those who are playing the free trade game and those who are playing some form of mercantilism. Of course, there is a spectrum of attitudes and policies, but roughly speaking the Anglo/American countries, North America, and parts of Europe are playing free trade. Most of Asia, much of South America, the Middle East, Germany and parts of Europe are playing neo-mercantilism. Its like watching tennis players trying to play a game with football players.It doesnt work, and insisting on playing by the rules doesnt help, because both sets of teams are playing by the rules of their game. In any case, there are a lot fewer clear cut rules than most people think. For example, probably the biggest single factor in the off-shoring of large chunks of U. S. based production and millions of jobs abroad has been the pack ages of financial investment incentives offered by China and others to global companies to encourage them to relocate production. More jobs have been lost to these packages than to currency manipulation.But you cant complain about rules violations because there are no rules to cover these investment incentives. At the federal level, American doesnt offer such incentives but there is not WTO or IMF or other rule against it. Nor is the United States proposing any rules in this area. Take the case of currency manipulation. China is surely manipulating its currency, but so have and do many other countries. Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and others all used currency manipulation is a major element of their export led miracle growth strategies.Some of these countries still to engage in currency manipulation and recently others such as Brazil and Switzerland have gotten into the game. Germany enjoys an undervalued currency because of its incorporation in the Euro. So here is a case where rule violation has been so prevalent that the violation is, in a way, the rule. So if something is to be done about it, that something will have to be a lot more powerful than a call for everyone to play by the same rules. We first need to get everyone playing the same game, and that is more likely to turn out to be football than tennis. hat options do others have to deal with such a perceived or real protectionist tendency? Possible implications: whether such a claim is Real or Perceived References http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Neomercantilism ? OBrien, Patrick Karl amp; Clesse, Armand. (editors) Two Hegemonies: Britain 1846-1914 and the United States 1941-2001. Aldershot: Ashgate. (2002). ? Helmut Schoeck amp; James W. Wiggins (editors), Central Planning and Neomercantilism. Pdf document [1] with scanned pages at the Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn, Alabama, USA Harold James (2009-06-30).The End of Globalization. Harvard University Press / google books. p. page 12. Ear ly criticism In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith criticised the implicit political corruption of mercantilism in limiting the benefits of trade to the elite classes, and asserted that free trade should benefit all interested parties. Smith considered mercantilism a system where one country increases its power by getting excess gold on foreign transactions and it is a system created by merchants in order to get monopolies and easy profits.Some people believe that, because Britain adopted his call for free trade policies, it fell behind the United States and Germany by 1880, having gained its dominance under the mercantilism of Cromwell and Elizabeth I (when according to Adam Smith, England was much less mercantilist than Spain and Portugal, who decayed much due to their colonial mercantilist policies, their gold reserves all naturally flowed to Britain, who at the time had a much more efficient production system, even though Portugal and Spain had colonies with much richer natural r esources than Britain).The success of the United States and Germany drove the reintroduction of protectionist regulations in the rest of Europe. Between 1870–1910 United States achieved a global industrial dominance thanks to innovations in its production system (such as interchangeable parts), culminating with Fords Assembly line. These innovations strongly increased the international competitiveness of American products. Philosophy Neomercantilism is founded on the use of control of capital movement and discouraging of domestic consumption as a means of increasing foreign reserves and promoting capital development.This involves protectionism on a host of levels: both protection of domestic producers, discouraging of consumer imports, structural barriers to prevent entry of foreign companies into domestic markets, manipulation of the currency value against foreign currencies and limitations on foreign ownership of domestic corporations. While all nations engage in these acti vities to one degree or another, neo-mercantilism makes them the focus of economic policy. The purpose is to develop export markets to developed countries, and selectively acquire strategic capital, while keeping ownership of the asset base in domestic ands. This use of protectionism is criticized on grounds that go back to Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations, which was aimed directly at classical mercantilist policies, and whose arguments are applied to neo-mercantilism. Namely that protectionism is effective as a means of fostering economic independence and national stability; and questioning the conclusion that it allows for sustainable development of the nations industrial base in the most efficient manner.Instead market economics has for over two centuries argued that increasing competition within the nation which will more effectively promote capital development and efficient allocation of resources. Free traders argue that by closing an economy, resources will be spent duplicat ing products that could more effectively be bought from abroad, and that there will be less development of exports which offer a comparative advantage.Market economists also argue that protection denies a nations own consumers the opportunity to buy at cheaper market prices when quotas or tariffs are imposed on imports. The subsidy of goods has also been advocated under neo-mercantilism. The fair trade movement claims that the protection of stability in emerging economies by guaranteeing a minimum purchase of goods at prices above those available in the current world markets, can contribute to restoring economic and social balance as well as promote social justice.Proponents of the fair trade movement argue that this may help to avoid the instability generated by the influence of global corporations on developed and developing nations. Neomercantilists claim that Free Trade results in a negative philosophy that a nation that is not competitive deserves to decline and perish, just li ke an under-performing corporation should. They argue that free trade does not work well whenever dumping is practiced or the international rules do not take into account the differences between wages, costs environmental regulations, and benets from nation to nation.For instance, there is a major difference in the cost of labour between a First World and Third World country for two equally skilled (or unskilled) sets of workers. When this economic reality is exploited by First World manufacturers, the benefits accrue to First World shareholders and consumers (and slightly improved work condition of exploited Third World workers) at the expense of privileged First World workers and their status in the middle class. An unquestioningly open policy in such circumstances may effectively devalue first world human capital investments in favor of financial capital investments. Consider for example, a person deciding whether to invest in training as an engineer or in a portfolio of financia l assets. Offshoring dramatically increases the effective supply of engineers, and as a result, their price will tend to decline (or grow at a slower rate).This decline will be increased by the lower cost of living in non-first world countries that would allow an engineer there to live much better on a lower nominal salary than their first world counterpart. (see purchasing power parity). This obviously is resulting in a huge immigration of skilled professionals from first-world countries to the third world, seeking a better quality of life. Faced with such prospects, rational economic agents will tend to avoid investing in human capital in areas that are vulnerable to such government-induced devaluation.Instead, they will shift training toward areas that are protected by regulation (for example  : careers in law, medicine, government) or social tradition (tenured academia), or socio-cultural factors (sales) or local physical requirements (nursing, medicine, construction). Alterna tively, rational economic agents in first world economies may choose to invest in financial assets instead of human capital — further eroding the long term ability of the first world country to produce and grow.As predicted by Adam Smith, this effect would reduce the inequality between First World and Third World countries, increasing overall fairness. Additionally, since cost of goods sold tends to be a larger component of total revenue than profits for most industries, production within a country may keep a larger portion of the total wealth within the local economy in comparison to dividends of profits and reduced prices on consumer goods. Furthermore, infrastructure investments may be reduced when production is shifted offshore.Over the longer term, such reduced local investments may reduce longer term productivity and economic growth. Neomercantilist economies on the other hand are often characterized by higher long term growth rates (that tend to flatten when neomercant ilist policies are halted). This claim unfortunately is not verified among developed nations, where Australia is both the main proponent of international free trade and among the first world countries, the one with the higher sustained growth during the last fifteen years.Also, as of February 2009, Australia is also the only developed country who is not officially in recession. The language of neomercantilist policies repeats the claims of earlier centuries that protective measures benefit the nation as a whole and that governmental intervention secures the wealth of the nation for future generations. In doing so, neomercantilist admit that the interests of large corporations might as often be represented and protected as pushed aside for the national interest.As a neomercantilist nations industrial production capacity and improving research and development grow as a threat to the hegemons (who usually unilaterally practices free-trade as Britain in the 19th century and the USA in t he late 20th century) domestic markets, so protectionism is the usual response, initially through political and, when necessary, military means (see World War I).

Physical Education Thesis 10 Facts That Will Make the Research Hooking

Physical Education Thesis 10 Facts That Will Make the Research Hooking When students search for good physical education thesis topics, they face the problem of proper facts selection. They must be verified, and every sentence must be informative. Besides, a student must follow all recommendations. One of them is a good paper structure. A thesis structure should be the following: Title page Abstract Contents Chapters (background, literature review, methodology, data analysis, discussion) Bibliography Appendices One more important feature of a thesis paper is that it must be 100% plagiarism-free. It’s important to avoid using many citations. It’s necessary to analyze facts and reflect them in your paper. It’s also important to remember sources mentioning in the bibliography. 10 Physical Education Facts to Make the Research Hooking The thesis is an academic paper that requires not only proper knowledge of the subject. It also requires the ability to organize received facts according to the needed format style and, naturally, it must be logical. More than 35% of American children from two to nineteen suffer obesity. When such kids grow up, they become many chronic health complications which lead to a lethal end. In the United States, 75% of adults also have extra weight, 41% of which suffer obesity. Physical Activity Guidelines proves that children must have no less than one hour of physical activity daily. That’s why school program provides children with not less than 30-minutes activity. The curriculum follows the national recommendation that is 2 hours 30 minutes in elementary school weekly and 3 hours 45 minutes in middle and high schools. Proper physical activity can prevent many diseases including heart diseases, high blood pressure, metabolism disorders, osteoporosis, cancer, and even depression. Lack of exercising can provoke energy imbalance and weight gaining. The statistic shows that approximately 23% of adolescents and adults and 81% of teenagers and schoolchildren lead inactive or sedentary way of life. Adults spend their time working in offices, and children watch much TV or play computer/smartphone games. A great number of people confuse physical activity and sport. In fact, physical activity includes all movements produced by the human skeletal muscles including walking, gardening, cleaning, playing, etc. Sport is a professional or amateur performance like races, box, tennis, football, etc. A sports activity requires strict rules and physical activity doesn’t need them. People above 65 must be active and need to be active nearly 150 minutes per week. Those who can’t be active because of poor health condition must move as much as possible. If a person can’t run, he/she must, at least, walk and not spend much time lying or sitting. In case a person can’t walk, it’s necessary to find the activity that can fit the person. Individuals who move with the help of the invalid chair can do specific exercises to improve the functioning of the upper part of the body. The researchers have found out that only 21,6% of American teens aged six to nineteen lead active ways of life. It means that they spend more than 60 minutes on sport or vigorous physical activity. The statistic includes data based on children’s daily schedule on working days (Monday Friday) and doesn’t contain information about their weekends. Muscle strengthening exercises became very popular among high-school students in 2015. Nearly 54% of all adolescents went in for weightlifting, push-up, street workout, and other types of exercising three days a week. Experts suggest 30-minutes aerobic activity per day for expectant mothers and during lactation. Such physical activity helps control weight and isn’t risky. One more strong scientific evidence is that pregnant women can avoid various complications like high blood pressure (preeclampsia) and gestational ( inside the womb) diabetes. Physical activity doesn’t affect the amount of breast milk and its quality. People with physical disabilities should have 150 or 75 minutes of moderate-intensity activity every week. That’s 10-25 minutes of physical activity daily. Experts recommend going in for aerobics and muscle-strengthening activities. Those who cannot cope with such load should just avoid passive ways of living and engage in activity regarding their physical abilities. Experts differentiate between 4 types of physical activity: Passive or inactive; Low activity (less than required); Medium activity (more than required – up to 4,5 hours a week); High activity (more than 5 hours a week). Proper exercising reduces the risk of death at the age considered to be less than average one for a specific population group. The scientific researchers together with health providers proved that people who are active 560 minutes a week (7 hours) have 40% fewer cases of cardiovascular diseases and cancer than those who are active half an hour weekly. Be sure that you know all the requirements! In case you lack formatting knowledge, you’ll lose points, and even high-quality thesis data won’t save the situation. Moreover, when choosing the topics for college papers, make sure you are interested in them so you are to investigate the issue to the fullest. References: Butt J, Weinberg RS, Breckon JD, Claytor RP. Adolescent physical activity participation and motivational determinants across gender, age, and race.  Journal of Physical Activity and Health.  2011;8:1074–1083 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22039125 Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative.  The National Survey of Children’s Health.  2007  http://childhealthdata.org/learn/NSCH. 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. https://health.gov/PAguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf

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Economic Growth Essay

Economic Growth Essay 1.Executive Summary Economic growth is what every economy tries to achieve for the good of everyone as a whole. Developing, producing more, increased wages, higher levels of education, better and better technologies is what we strive for. But doing all that, does that mean that we are living a better life? Or is it just the ideal of doing better, not really the result that keeps us following the dream of a perfect world. The effects of economic growth are full of positives points such as boost in infrastructures, urban development, higher education, globalisation, creates employment, higher wages for workers, better living standards for the population, and the list can go on and on. But aren’t there any externalities to all of this? There are some of the negative externalities of growing above what the economy can take, reaching the limits where growing is counter-productive. Some of those disadvantages of growth are outlined in this report, such as health problems arising, environmental issues, education issues as well, and how standard of living doesn’t always mean better is getting more. 2.Introduction â€Å"A useful metaphor for production in an economy comes from the kitchen. To create valuable final products, we mix inexpensive ingredients together according to a recipe. The cooking one can do is limited by the supply of ingredients, and most cooking in the economy produces undesirable side effects. If economic growth could be achieved only by doing more and more of the same kind of cooking, we could eventually run out of raw materials and suffer from unacceptable levels of pollution and nuisance. Human history teaches us, however, that economic growth springs from better recipes, not just from more cooking. New recipes generally produce fewer unpleasant effects and generate more economic value per unit of raw material.† (Henderson, D. 2007) This little introduction is a way to say that the more diversified an economy is the fewer side effects it will have to bare. A more sustainable and spread out use of the resources available in the economy. Back in the days countries tend to produce only the essentials for ‘survival’, most part of the economies were set to produce things like food, clothing, and houses. But nowadays, only small parts of economies are used to produce the so called essentials. The reason behind this change is the industrial revolution in the â€Å"late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions in Britain. The changes subsequently spread throughout Europe and North America and eventually the World, a process that continues as industrialisation. The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human social history, comparable to the invention of farming or the rise of the first city states; almost every aspect of daily life and human society was eventually influenced in some way.† (Wikipedia.com, 22 April 2008) The growth has been so fast that some economies are almost reaching a stall, reaching the maximum. â€Å"On the one hand if we look at specific examples of natural resources (fresh water, ocean fisheries, atmosphere, ecosystem), there is strong evidence that the rates at which we are currently utilizing them are unsustainable.† (Dasgupta, P. 2008) But a major factor can prevent this to happen but it doesn’t mean it’s a good thing; this factor is ecological damages caused by growth. Global warming is one of those constraints that in sooner rather than later will effect on our everyday life and on how we should be monitoring growth. Damages to our environment is not the only problem caused by economic growth, one of the other concerns of every society is whether or not we have reached the limits of human needs as well. What more could we possibly need? Do we have to keep improving on technology; is it for our basic needs or just for pure luxury? People earn more today but doesn’t that mean that we should be better off than 40-50 years ago? Spending on education has become insanely high but are our children learning more today? Husbands and wives both are working full time jobs now to run their families, but 40-50 years ago when usually only the husband was working, weren’t families having a good life? Is growth helping or hurting society as a whole, and thus answering the question is economic growth becoming counter-productive? 3.Economic Growth and Unemployment Economic growth is believed by people to be a good thing because of the jobs it creates and how it helps increase per capita Gross Domestic Product and consumption of society as a whole. But studies in the United States showed, by using the â€Å"Daly-Cobb Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (taking Gross National Product – environmental costs- extra spending on healthcare, education, commuting and urbanization needed to support growth) concluded that economic wellbeing in the US increased substantially during the 50’s and 60’s, but levelled off at the end of the 70’s and has been in decline since the 80’s.† (Siegel, C. 2006) And also according to ‘Okun’s Law’, for every one percent by which the actual unemployment rate exceeds the normal unemployment rate, real Gross Domestic Product is reduced by 2-3%. The Law outlines the negative relationship between the GDP growth and unemployment. Growth doesn’t always bring along what people usually expect: more work. The ideal growth in order to stop unemployment from rising is a 3% annual growth. (Siegel, C. 2006) So growth as well can be considered counter-productive, in terms of employment for an economy, if it is not properly managed. Unemployment rate won’t just stop because the economy created more jobs and making more money, as outlined by ‘Okun’s Law’. And the economy should have an ideal annual growth of 3% to maintain efficiency. 4.Economic Growth and Standard of Living â€Å"Economic development is sustainable if, relative to its population, a society’s productive base does not shrink.† (Dasgupta, P. 2008) The more you earn in terms of wages, the more you tend to buy. Wages are higher, so consumption tends to be higher as well. Going from bare essentials population tend to buy luxuries than they think they deserve for all the effort they put in at work. This is when the economy becomes more productive, when they are enjoying prosperity. However, ‘prosperity in an economy is not static, over time countries tend to become more or less prosperous. An economic boom may bring a temporary prosperous environment to a country and much greater wealth (in terms of higher wages, products quality, quantity, etc†¦) to its population. Same if there is a depression, the hard work done to improve standard of living may be brushed away’. (Sparknotes.com). A major enhancement of living standards is technology, the better the technology the more growth a country can experience. Technology is directly related to economic growth. To produce more we need more equipment, better quality, which can produce more at lower costs and in smaller time span. Also when a country is growing it tends to use more and more advanced material than it previously used to because of the greater productivity they will help them achieve in order to maintain the growth. Technology hence improves labour production. (That is how the inverse relationship between growth and unemployment rate is created; when economy is growing, unemployment tends to rise as well because now the economy needs fewer workers to perform same job) As far as health is concerned fast-foods and restaurants have become a common everyday routine for people. Cooking at home could be cheaper but why going cheaper when you can afford quicker and simpler, and when you can’t find the time to cook. Thus, to the ‘rescue’ are the restaurants and fast-foods, quicker and sometimes offer more variety as well. But the growth of fast foods and restaurants (but mainly fast-foods) consumption have somewhat caused a fall in health level of society as a whole. Not only food patterns caused this change in health condition but when we add to that the high consumption of cigarettes and the fact that besides work, eat, sleep people don’t have much time of their own, or just don’t want to find time (laziness) to do exercise, societies became less active physically and more obese. For that matter people seemed to think that spending more on health care would help them live longer and better. But now more and more people are realising that exercises and a healthy diet are the keys to a better life. The more spending we make on health care will somehow result in finding cures (hopefully sometimes sooner rather than later) for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart problems, aids, etc†¦ but the concern about this is that they are maybe the reverse effect of economic growth. If we think about it (as mentioned above) people are less concerned about their health, what they could prevent now at the beginning is instead ‘postponed’ to later when the need to try and find a solution to fight a health problem is here. Example of that would be obesity- our children are eating more fast foods than it was a case decades ago, they also are doing less exercises. Education of ‘our future’ is important to counter the negative effects of economic growth. ‘A point has been reached where the amount spent on health care is much less important than exercise, diet and other individual actions to improve health’ (Siegel, C. 2006). 5.Economic Growth and Education Education plays an important role on the road to economic growth of an economy. It could vary from education of employees to new technologies to education of the children, the future generation. Literacy is important nowadays anywhere, because it helps communicate easily and if needs be in different languages. And also the sooner the children learn the easier it makes it for them to undertake subsequent learning â€Å"results, obtained after examining information on Dutch school children (in the Netherlands, parents can enroll their children in school from age four), find that increasing enrolment by one month increases the math and language test scores of children from a low socio-economic background or ethnic minorities by .06 standard deviation, while those non-disadvantaged student’s scores remained the same† (Bredt, J., Cycz, C. 2007) The education of the population as a whole is vital for an economy to be prosperous, so providing children with the ‘tools’ to build a better tomorrow is the key for further successes. But that’s the good part of growth, it helps us educate our population but economic growth can also be viewed as detrimental to education, when it comes to children. Growth has created more work for a larger pool of labour, including women and men, mothers and fathers, thus reducing the quality of a traditional family life by much. Parents nowadays have each a job (mainly full-time) resulting in less time devoted to growing children, who most of the times find themselves in day-cares. This lack of family presence affect the children â€Å"emotionally, some of them end up using drugs, become delinquent, suffer from anxiety, depression, and some end up being unsuccessful in school.† (Siegel, C. 2006). Another side effect of growth on education is that now children at school want more than just learning, they want to be entertained to learn. They want teachers to get them hooked on the subject, not just teach them, they don’t want to make that extra effort to learn how to solve a difficulty on their own. They think it is like television or internet, everything is laid in from of them and they just have to sit back and watch. This phenomenon is outlined in a research paper ‘The End of Economic Growth’ by Charles Siegel in 2006. 6.Economic Growth and the Environment For the relationship between growth and environment I am using the example of newly industrialized Eastern-Asian countries. Countries such as Thailand, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore, for example, have been experiencing enormous growth over the past 20-30 years, lowering the population living under their poverty line by more than 50% and making good economic progresses. But the reverse of the medal is that this region is also among the most highly polluted part of the world with 9 cities in the world’s 15 most polluted cities. Other problems faced by those countries are soil degradation, erosion, coastlines and marine degradation, one of the highest deforestation rates in the world. In this region we can witness the damaging effects of rapid on the local environment. Environment was neglected because growth was viewed as the next essential step to evolution for the region, and now they are trying to â€Å"control pollution rates, make proper use of their forest s, take proper actions, such as tax and standards on further development, improving their methods and recycling.† (Thomas, V., Belt, T. 1997). The developed countries have the same problems and we would tend to think that the developing countries would be more careful when growing, but the ‘temptation’ of getting big and quick just overrides the fulfilment of a healthy environment. The questions here that appeal to us would be; do the other developing nations care enough about the environment, and will they instead of growing big at a faster rate, just slowly (taking into considerations the environment) grow their economies, or will they make the same mistakes? And also there was another point brought forward by Bjorn Lomborg, a Danish statistician, in 2003 which defies economic growth and its effects on the environment. He argues that instead of â€Å"restricting growth, environment decline is best cured by accelerating it†. He pointed out that pollution i n industrialised countries have been cleaned up and air pollution in big cities are better than it was 30 years ago. In a way he is saying that reducing environmental damages is going against economic growth, and that countries will get used to it, and that it is greater at the early stages of industrialisation. Those arguments made by Lomborg in his book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, brought a lot of controversies from world’s leading environmental scientists. So, we can see that ideologies differ from people, and it can also be the case for countries seeking growth. They can accept that environmental damages are the price to pay for a better growth. (Hamilton, C. 2003) 7.Recommendations Economic growth is more enjoyable when it comes with fewer negatives sides as possible, and there are ways to fully benefit from a growth without really impacting on other parts of the country, or even on the population. Some examples would be: Spending less on health services but instead focuses on a healthier way of living, with exercises, healthy diets, proper management of time. People could choose to work fewer hours, giving the chance to raise employment in the economy. Resulting in unemployed population getting a part time job. The whole economy will be able to work more as well, more people to work. Because â€Å"the economy can only grow if people work more or better.† (Mitchell, D. 1996) More people working at fewer hours. By choosing to work less, families also allow themselves more time to spend with their children and giving them a better family life resulting in better educated future. Imposing tax on development, putting severe penalties on pollution that may arise can be another way to put a ‘brake’ to harmful development and a way to promote sustainable development of the economy 8.Conclusion Counter-productivity is the problem that will sooner or later hit every economy, to reduce the impacts it can have some measures need to be taken. Sustainability of the development, which is always bearing in mind that every action can cause a reaction, and efficient use of resources would be a beneficial for future generations. We don’t have the right to be individualistic. Before people didn’t really realize that they could run out of resources at some point, they thought it would be here indefinitely, and we have reached a point now where everything is becoming scarce. Now, we know that our actions will have some effects on future generation; we have this knowledge and need to make the most of it. Protection of the environment we live in, protection of our people, and sustainability of our development.